Reading Instruction That Works:
The Four Blocks Model
Workshop
July 6, 2000
Independence Ohio
Presented by
Cheryl Sigmon

Workshop Highlights:

Self-Selected Reading Block:

3 Components:
 

  1. Teacher read-aloud: Read a variety of genres. Read many books from your students book baskets. Chapter books can also be read over several days. (I personally read my "rounding up the rhymes" books to my students during SSR a couple of days before doing the "rounding up the rhymes" with my students. I also read many thematic books as well.) As you read to your students, you are "blessing a book" - sparking their interest, so they will want to read it as well.
  2. Students read books of their choice: Having book baskets placed at tables works the best. That way, students won't be wondering around the room to find a book. The purpose of this segment of SSR is to READ! A table captain can easily get the basket for his/her table mates and return the basket when done.

  3. What's inside the basket??? - Students read at different levels, so different reading levels of books must be included, as well as different genres. Some ideas Cheryl shared: chapter books, favorite author books, magazines, restaurant menus, travel brochures, non-fiction books, etc. (I personally put theme books in my baskets as well. If we are studying whales, then I will have several different reading levels of whales in my basket as well. My students are always happy to share new information with their classmates.)

    During this time of SSR, the teacher conferences with students. The teacher will meet with 4-5 students daily for about 4-6 minutes. At this time the teacher will ask the student about his/her book. The student can also read a page, so the teacher can check on oral reading skills. It's not a time to write things down when the child is standing there, even though it's very tempting. When the student is leaving your area, then you can jot down some notes if you wish. A teacher can have a reading log for each student to record this information.

  1. Students share: You can have a "Share Chair" where students can take turns sharing their book with their classmates. 2-3 students a day is fine. You may also use a podium. Or you can make a TV screen out of a box, suspend it from the ceiling and have you students pretend they are on TV as they share. You may also tell your students to turn to a partner and share something about the book, or you can have the table captains share with their table mates. Variety makes perfect! By having students share their books, they are "blessing them" as well. This encourages other students to read more books. A little microphone bought at the Dollar Store works well when sharing.
Guiding Reading Block:
 
Cheryl shared that this block is the most controversial. (I can attest to that, even in our district, there are debates on how to teach this block.) She and her fellow authors would like to go back and change the title of this block to: "The Comprehension Block."

During this block, students should read on grade level text for 3 days and below grade level text for 2 days. You can easily use your basal for the 3 days - instant multiple copies of books! On below grade level days, you can use poetry, reader's theater, scholastic news, etc.

Before reading a selection, always assess prior knowledge (KWL chart or whatever you choose to use) and teach a mini lesson (ties in with setting a purpose for reading). You should also introduce vocabulary words from the story. RIVET is a popular way to do this. But you can also have the students find the words in their text and use a WIKKI stick to circle the word.

Then students read in a variety of ways:
  • Teacher Reads Aloud
  • Shared Reading
  • Small Flexible Groups with Teacher
  • Whole Class Reading
  • echo
  • choral
  • Playschool/Book Club
  • Partner
  • Independent
These rank in order from the "highest teacher support" to the "lowest teacher support." So as the year progresses, you are to work downwards. **

Setting a purpose for reading is very important. It gives the students a focus. Cheryl shared that you can give each student a sticky note and tell him or her to place it in their text as they are reading to identify a "very important point." You can also give students a sticky note with 4-5 cuts in it (just make cuts up to the sticky part before handing them to students). Students rip the strip the rest of the way when they are ready to use it. They can identity characters, setting, etc.

At the end of this block, students meet as a whole group and discuss the focus question. Or to add more knowledge to whatever graphic organizer you used to begin this block.

Cheryl shared that famous athletes need to practice, practice, practice to reach the top. We as readers need to practice, practice, practice as well to become great readers!


Words Block:

High frequency words ONLY!!! Monthly words, a group of compound words, a group of contractions, etc., should not be placed on the WW. These should be in another place in the room.

Your word wall should be visible to all students in the classroom.

Five words go up weekly. These should be kept in an isolated place until the end of the week when you add them to the WW. These 5 words should be practiced 2-3 times a week. On the back of your half sheet of paper on which you do this activity, you do the "on the back" activities.

Teach onsets and rimes. Onsets are all the letters up to the first vowel and rime is the rest of the word. For example, in the word "trust" - "tr" is the onset and "ust" is the rime. When playing "Guess the Covered Word", cover the onset and rime separately. You uncover the onset first after students have made several guesses as to what the word is. By revealing the onset first, you probably can eliminate some of their guesses. Then you reveal the rime. I always say, "Voila" before revealing the rest of the word, and the students love it. :o)

Cheryl defines "rime" and "rhyme" in the following way"
rime: words that share the same spelling pattern (rain and train).
rhyme: words that share the same sound pattern (rate and bait).
Once the WWW's are up, don't forget them. You need to constantly review these as well, with the many activities that have been mentioned.


Writing Block:
 

An overhead works well with this block. Teacher models a writing passage first and thinks aloud as he/she writes. If the teacher does not "know" how to spell a word, he/she circles it. Students love to copy the teacher, so by modeling you can guide them in the correct direction that you wish the class to go. You should also teach a mini lesson after you finish writing. Perhaps you used too many "ands" as you wrote the story. You can go back and model how to place commas in a series in your modeled writing. At the end of the modeled writing, you should edit the passage with the students.

This is one checklist she shared:

  • name and date on page
  • capitals
  • punctuation
  • circle words not sure of spelling
Then students write in their journals on topics of their choice. If writing in a spiral bound notebook, students write on the right and illustrate on the left. After 5 pieces are written, students sign up for a conference with the teacher. As the teacher edits the writing with the student, the teacher should let the student hold the notebook, so he/she is focused on the page. If the teacher takes the notebook out of the student's hands, then the student will be looking around the room and not be focused on the editing process. A cute idea Cheryl shared is to buy those sun visors and print name and "editor" on each one. When it's time for a student to conference with the teacher, the teacher puts on his/her editing visor and the student puts his/hers on as well.
Cheryl shared that there are 3 things that students are NOT to say during this portion of the writing block:
  • I'm through.
  • I'm finished.
  • I'm done.
Students can always write another story if they think they are done. They may also illustrate on the left as well. They always need to use the editor's checklist before moving on.

Cheryl also shared the following writing stages that kids go through:

  • picture writing
  • driting (combination of writing and pictures)
  • scribble
  • random letters
  • words copied from room
  • Cheryl calls this the "love stage."
    • I love my mom.
    • I love my dad.
    • I love my teacher.
  • words sounded out (match with symbols)
  • sentences with words sounded out
  • share "stories" with invented spelling
  • conventional spelling
At the end of this block, students share what they have written (again 2-3 a day is fine). You can use an author's chair if you wish. As the student holds their writing page up to read to his/her classmates, the students can look at their picture if the page is folded back. Students who have published their work should share their books with their classmates.

You may even choose another way to share: share your story with a partner or table captain shares his/her writing with his/her table mates.


Additional thoughts:

I thought that the following was neat that Cheryl shared:

She began the presentation by asking us to look at a "very confused" drawing from 4 different angles. (It was "How a Beginning Reader Sees Reading" by Jimmy Howle). Then she said to read it. It was very hard, but by looking at it on an angle, it was possible for many. Of course some never did get it and others took a lot longer to read it. Those who "got it" taught their table mates how to "get it." And many did get it when it was explained by a table mate. Just like it is in a classroom, students learn from one another - not everything from the teacher.

An organizational thing Cheryl shared was the following: Buy a plastic handled cutting board from the dollar store. Tape on index cards in an overlapping fashion. Write students names on the little piece that is showing. When you wish to take anecdotal records on a student, simply flip to that student's card and write on it. After the cards are full, place them in a sleeve, which has been labeled with the student's name. Then place new index cards on the board in an overlapping fashion.

I loved the sleeve idea. You take a 3-ring notebook and place enough plastic sleeves (page protectors) in it for each student in your class. Then you use tabs on the sides to write the students' names on. You can place writing samples, anecdotal records, or whatever you wish in the sleeves. Cheryl said that this is a great way to share with parents at conference time. You may also place the SSR conference form in the sleeve as well to pull out when you're done conferencing with the student.

I know that there was tons more, but I'm not thinking anymore after writing all this. Bridget from Ohio, do you have things to add????

Sandy/2/OH


Bridget/OH Adds:

Here are some things I ordered/bought for our staff today that I "discovered" through Cheryl yesterday:

Wicky Sticks---great idea! Use to underline words (teacher), students "circle" words in their text (vocabulary). I also found some sticky "hands" in Oriental Trading that I am going to try...Grab a Vocab or something dorky like that. LOL

"Martian Fingers" (Also known as Witches fingers)---Use in partner reading to track print

Plates--best way I can describe these is that they look like a flower and are a frosted kind of plastic...don't know if that's a clear description...check Target or K-Mart...Write questions for Guided Reading on the petals of the flower. Put a spinner in the middle and VOILA! A different way to engage students in responding to literature!

Placemats--cut them into puzzle shapes and write questions on the back of them

PVC phones---heard a lot about these...didn't get it...Cheryl demonstrated and don't you know I had a purchase order raring to go this AM for every classroom!

Dollar Store Microphones--great idea

Give the Story a Hand--use garden gloves...write on each finger and the palm of the hand...character, setting, etc.

Beach Balls--love these...was helpful to see how she had one done for expository writing and narrative writing. Also noticed a science theme related one on a table.

Loved the idea of having baggies of local maps and travel info, travel brochures, menus, etc in the SSR baskets. It was great that she differentiated between storing books in baskets and the baskets that come out to the tables!

Her before reading activities for Growing Vegetable Soup were great...packet of seeds, carrot (importance of using tangible items) and talking about her own garden. I chuckled at how many people ate the vegetable beef soup on the buffet then at lunch!

She used great books that I can't wait to get!!! I wish I had written down some of the other titles. I was so star struck and having a hard time focusing because of the talking going on around me : ( but there was one about a dog with bad breath, one about a crayon box...made me cry...have to find it...and one called It's Disgusting and We Ate it!

She clarified a lot of the writing block for me and how it is the format for HOW to teach mini-lessons but that you adapt WHAT you teach to your curriculum. Can see how this makes the time of curriculum mapping even more worth while than it is!

I know there's more but I have shopping to do! Thanks, Laura, for all your patience with my never-ending order!

Bridget/Ohio



**
In a message dated 7/12/2000
owner-4-blocks-digest@lists.teachers.net writes:

<<
5.Inoticed in the CherylSigmon notes:) that the students should read from highest teacher support to lowest teacher support:
teacher read aloud,
shared reading,
small flexible groups with teacher,
whole class reading,
echo,
choral,
playschool,
partner,
independent.
How do you all feel about this? I was planning on doing partner reading before groups because I thought the kids would handle it better. what do you think?
>>

One danger in having folks post their notes from workshops is that what everyone will read is someone's interpretation of what was said. I know that the people posting mean well --- however, this portion was reported incorrectly. I shared a graphic of a continuum I created showing all of the different formats of support that are used in Guided Reading. What I said was, "This continuum from highest to lowest support has NOTHING to do with working your way through the year. Every day, we look at the level of support and match it to the difficulty level of the text and to how much support our kids will need to be successful with the text."

By the way, I do feel that some teachers move into partner reading too quickly. When you put kids in partner groups, you're saying that at least half the kids can handle the text pretty well. Just be sure you've given them the support they need to be successful.

Hope this is helpful. I did want to clarify that misunder standing reported through the notes. Thanks for giving me that opportunity. ---- Cheryl

Private replies to: Cmsigmon@aol.com