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Grade: Middle
Subject: Mathematics
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This lesson allows the novice and experienced chessplayer to easily teach children how to play chess through games focused on each individual chess piece.Instructional Objectives for Chess:
Increase and improve analytical thinking skills
Improve problem solving techniques
Increase self-confidence and improved organizational habits
Improve logic and reasoning skills
Increase patience and persistence
Improve decision making skills
How to Play Chess:
Chess is played with 32 men. Each player having sixteen men of opposite colors including one King, one Queen, two Bishops, two Knights, tow Rooks, and eight Pawns.
Day 1: Set up the board
The eight up and down columns called files and the eight side-to-side rows called ranks make up the 64 squares of the checkered chess board. The 8 files have letter names : a, b, c, d, e, f, g, and h. The 8 ranks have number names: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Place the chess board between players so that each player has a white square at the right hand corner of the board.
White always moves first. The letters of the 8 files begin from white's left-hand side--a-h.
The square in the upper left hand corner of the board would then be named a8 while the square in the bottom right hand corner would be named h1. Using this algebraic notation, you can easily follow the chess pieces around the board.
For a full game, set up the pieces in the positions as follows. The white pieces are placed on rank 1 with the white pawns in front of them on rank 2.
WHITE:
a1 rook b1 knight c1 bishop d1 queen e1 king f1 bishop g1 knight h1 rook
pawns on a2 through h2
BLACK
The black pieces are placed on rank 8 with the black pawns in front of them on rank 7
a8 rook b8 knight c8 bishop d8 queen e8 king f8 bishop g8 knight h8 rook
pawns on a7 through h7
Activity:
Students practice placing the pieces on the correct spaces on the board while naming the corresponding space in algebraic notation.
Day 2: The Pawn
The Pawn moves forwards only, never backwards. On its first move
only, it may move one or two squares. After that, it can move only one
square at a time, capturing only on the diagonal.
Promoting of Pawns:
When a pawn arrives at its eighth rank on the other side of the board,
it must be exchanged for one of the following: a Queen, Rook, Bishop, or Knight of the same color without regard to the number of such pieces already on the board.. As the
game nears the ending, the Pawns become increasingly valuable.Activity: The Pawn Game
Set up pawns only up on each side of the board in their starting
positions. White begins. Object is to break through the opponent's rank
and get to the other side of the board.
When a player's pawn reaches the other side of the board, the player removes
the pawn and replaces it with a queen, rook, knight, or bishop. (Hint: Many players
replace the pawn with a Queen even if this means they might have two Queens on the board.)
(This game is recommended by the grandmasters.)
Day 3: The Queen
Each side gets only one Queen in which she moves along the
diagonals, and the ranks, and the files. The Queen can move as far as she
wants in any direction until she encounters another chess piece or the edge
of the game! The Queen is quite powerful!Activity: The Lady Has Power
The queen always starts on the square of her own color on either d8 or
d1. Line up the opposing pawns on the opposite side of the board. White
moves first. The students will soon discover how powerful the queen is against the
poorly protected pawns.Day 4: The Bishop
Bishops move straight along diagonals and do not jump.Activity: The Bishop's Challenge
Place the bishop on his home square of a1 or a8. Place a total of
ten opposing pieces anywhere on the board. The Bishop has ten moves to
take the pieces off the board. Encourage the students to plan their strategy
before they begin.Day 5: The Rook
The Rook is next in power to the Queen . The Rook moves in
straight lines, never on diagonals. Most often the power of the Rooks is evident
in the Endgame.Activity: The Rook's Turn
Place the Rook on his home square of c2 or c7. Choose eight
opposing pieces to be placed in a fixed position anywhere on the board.
The Rook has eight moves to take an enemy piece with each move. Encourage the
students to plan their strategy before they begin.Day 6: The Knight
The Knight is the only piece that can jump over other pieces. The
Knight moves in an L-shape but he can capture only on the square where he
finishes his jump. Always the Knight moves first two squares forward or
backwards or sideways, and then finishes the L-shape by moving right or
left one more square.
Activity: The Knight Rules of the Road
The white knight begins on his home square of g1. To pass the
test, the white knight has to take all the black pawns, which are fixed and
do not move. It can be done in as few as eighteen moves.
Day 7: The King
In chess, you have one King that can move one square in any
direction. The King is the most important piece in a game of chess, but it
is very limited . The King can go in any direction, forward, backwards, to
the sides, or diagonally, but only one square at a time. The King can
capture any enemy piece or pawn that is undefended and must always stay at
least one square away from the opposing King.King and Pawn Game
Set up king and pawns on each side of the board. The King's home position
is e1 or e8. White begins. To win, advance your king quickly and get him
to capture the enemy pawns. Be sure to not allow the king to move into
check.CHECK
The King is in check when he is attacked by the opponent's piece or pawn.
His capture is not allowed. The Player making check must say "check" when
he is attacking the opponent's King. If your King is in check, you must
stop this on the next move. There are three ways for you to do this:
*Move the King to a safe square.
*Move one of your pieces in the way of the check by blocking.
*Capture the attacking pieceCHECKMATE
Since the object of the game if to capture the opponent's King, the game is
lost if you cannot stop the check by blocking, capturing the attacking piece or
moving the King to a safe square. The "check" then turns into a checkmate.
This means the King is dead. When the King is checked and cannot move out
of check, then he is checkmate and the game is over.Day 8: Know what the Chess Pieces are worth.
It's important to know how powerful each piece is in relation to the other pieces. Here is the standard scale that the kids should commit to memory:
Pawn= 1
Knight= 3
Bishop=3(plus a tiny bit more)
Rook= 5
Queen= 9
It is common for chessplayers to talk about capturing the pieces through trades or exchanges. Important for the students' decision making, chessplayers use this information to their advantage. Strong chessplayers use their chess pieces as a team.
Activity:
Students start with the pawn and go through each piece in the same fashion.
Students set up what pieces the pawn is equal to and keep their discovered answers in an organized chart. Be sure that this activity is done by manipulating the chess pieces as well as in written format.
Encourage the children to come up with reasons why this information is so important to a skilled chessplayer.
Activity:
Practice castling. Have the children discover how many moves it takes to be able to castle. Stop the game at that point. Start again and see if they can improve their path to castling.
Revisit this section and focus on one aspect of the goals as needed.
Day 10: Let's Play Chess!
Pair the children and have them play as partners against an opposing team. Children will share ideas, tactics, and strategies while learning from each other. Often there is not enough time to play a full game within a classroom situation. Give the students 20-30 minutes to play and have them count the point totals of their captured pieces to determine the winner.
My experience is that the children want to start combining the games with the rook and the knight so that they can start playing a game more quickly. Teaching the pawn game and subsequent games help children understand the power of each individual piece. After playing these individual games, my students had a better understanding of the game and more children continued to play chess after we finished this unit.
Assessment:
Students play a full chess game following the rules of chess.
Quiz the students on the moves of each chess piece.
Ask the students what would be the best move in chess puzzles.
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